Vol. 14. Núm. 62.
Páginas 3856-3861 (Septiembre 2026)

Protocolos de práctica asistencial
Protocolo de intervención para la prevención de las caídas y la fragilidad en el adulto mayor

Intervention protocol for the prevention of falls and frailty in older adults

I. Nieto FernándezC.A. Colato LópezT. Pareja SierraL.M. Boscán GuevaraL.D. Pascual BojorqueM.C. de Aguilar Caro
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2026.09.005
Opciones
Resumen

Las caídas y la fragilidad son síndromes geriátricos estrechamente relacionados y se asocian con un mayor riesgo de deterioro funcional, institucionalización y mortalidad, lo que justifica un abordaje preventivo integrado y basado en la evidencia. Este protocolo orientado a la práctica clínica geriátrica para la detección precoz, la prevención y el manejo de las caídas y la fragilidad en el adulto mayor se fundamenta en guías y consensos internacionales, e integra un enfoque interdisciplinar.

Se proponen intervenciones personalizadas y multidominio, con especial énfasis en el ejercicio físico multicomponente como estrategia más eficaz, junto con la optimización farmacológica, la intervención nutricional y la adaptación del entorno. La implementación sistemática de este protocolo permite reducir eventos adversos, preservar la autonomía y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, constituyendo un modelo reproducible y aplicable en distintos ámbitos asistenciales.

Palabras clave
Caídas
Fragilidad
Adulto mayor
Prevención de caídas
Ejercicio multicomponente
Abstract

Falls and frailty are closely related geriatric syndromes and are associated with an increased risk of functional decline, institutionalization, and mortality which justifies an integrated, evidence-based preventive approach. This protocol, designed for geriatric clinical practice to facilitate the early detection, prevention, and management of falls and frailty in older adults, is based on international guidelines and consensus statements and incorporates an interdisciplinary approach.

Personalized, multidomain interventions are proposed, with special emphasis on multicomponent physical exercise as the most effective strategy along with medication optimization, nutritional intervention, and adaptation of the environment. The systematic implementation of this protocol helps reduce adverse events, preserve independence, and improve the quality of life of older adults, constituting a reproducible model applicable in various care settings.

Keywords
Falls
Frailty
Older adults
Fall prevention
Multicomponent exercise

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