Vol. 14. Núm. 19.
Páginas 1135-1138 (Octubre 2024)

Protocolos de práctica asistencial
Protocolo terapéutico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular

Treatment protocol for type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity and cardiovascular risk

A. Bayona CebadaabcdJ.B. Quiñones SilvabH.F. Escobar-MorrealebcdL. Nattero Chávezabc
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.10.014
Opciones
Resumen

El manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular es un desafío creciente debido a la alta prevalencia de ambas condiciones. Este protocolo describe las recomendaciones terapéuticas basadas en el control glucémico y los beneficios cardiovasculares de ciertos fármacos. Se destacan dos clases farmacológicas con eficacia ponderal y cardiometabólica: los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (aGLP-1) y los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (iSGLT-2). El documento sugiere el uso conjunto de ambos para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular y promover la pérdida de peso. También se describe el papel de la cirugía metabólica como una opción eficaz para el manejo de la DM2 y la obesidad, mejorando significativamente los resultados glucémicos y reduciendo el riesgo cardiovascular. Se recomienda un seguimiento continuo para ajustar el tratamiento según la respuesta clínica del paciente y evitar la inercia terapéutica.

Palabras clave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Riesgo cardiovascular
Agonistas GLP-1
Inhibidores SGLT-2
Cirugía metabólica
Abstract

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with obesity and cardiovascular risk is a growing challenge due to the high prevalence of both conditions. This protocol describes therapeutic recommendations based on glycemic control and the cardiovascular benefits of certain drugs. Two classes of drugs with weight and cardiometabolic efficacy stand out: glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1a) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i). This document suggests the joint use of both to reduce cardiovascular risk and promote weight loss. It also describes the role of metabolic surgery as an effective option for the management of DM2 and obesity, as it significantly improves glycemic outcomes and reduces cardiovascular risk. Continuous follow-up is recommended to adjust treatment according to the patient's clinical response and to avoid therapeutic inertia.

Keywords
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular risk
GLP-1 agonists
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Metabolic surgery

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