Vol. 13. Núm. 83.
Páginas 4922-4926 (Junio 2023)

Protocolos de práctica asistencial
Protocolo diagnóstico y tratamiento de las crisis hipertensivas

Diagnostic and treatment protocols in hypertensive crises

I. López-LópezA.I. Robles LópezE. Torres AguileraS. Soriano Cabrera
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2023.06.024
Opciones
Resumen

Las crisis hipertensivas son situaciones clínicas de elevación aguda de la presión arterial (PA) que requieren de un diagnóstico rápido y un tratamiento apropiado para impedir la disfunción orgánica progresiva. La historia clínica, la exploración física y la realización de exploraciones complementarias elementales nos permitirán diferenciar entre dos entidades: la urgencia y la emergencia hipertensivas. La urgencia hipertensiva se define como la elevación de la PA sin lesión de órgano diana. El objetivo terapéutico será reducir la PA de forma gradual en los siguientes días mediante el empleo de fármacos de vida media larga y administración oral. La emergencia hipertensiva es la elevación de la PA asociada a lesión de órgano diana (cardíaca, renal o cerebrovascular) y supone un riesgo vital para el paciente. Requiere de inicio de tratamiento antihipertensivo intravenoso de forma inmediata, monitorización hemodinámica continua y descenso de PA de forma rápida y parcial.

Palabras clave
Crisis hipertensiva
Urgencia hipertensiva
Emergencia hipertensiva
Tratamiento antihipertensivo
Abstract

Hypertensive crises are clinical situations which involve an acute rise in blood pressure (BP) that require swift diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent increasing organic dysfunction. The clinical history, physical examination and elementary complementary tests will allow us to differentiate between two entities: hypertensive urgency and emergency. A hypertensive urgency is defined as raised BP without injury to a target organ. The therapeutic target will be to gradually reduce the BP in the following days using orally administered drugs with a long half-life. A hypertensive emergency involves raised BP associated with injury to a target organ (the heart, kidneys or cerebrovascular) and it is a life-threatening risk for the patient. It requires immediate intravenous antihypertensive treatment, continuous haemodynamic monitoring and a rapid partial fall in BP.

Keywords
Hypertensive crisis
Hypertensive urgency
Hypertensive emergency
Antihypertensive treatment

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