Vol. 11. Núm. 50.
Páginas 2939-2945 (Marzo 2014)

Viriasis respiratorias. Gripe

Respiratory viriasis. Influenza

A. Martín QuirósaA. Robles MarhuendacJ.R. Paño Pardoab
Doi : https://10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70720-6
Opciones
Resumen

Las viriasis respiratorias son un conjunto de infecciones respiratorias agudas, la mayoría benignas, causadas por virus con una importante variabilidad serotípica. La gripe es el cuadro producido por los virus influenza A y B con periodicidad epidémica estacional y, ocasionalmente, influenza A puede producir pandemias mundiales. Las complicaciones se limitan casi exclusivamente a las edades extremas de la vida y pacientes con comorbilidades, especialmente respiratorias y cardiovasculares. El tratamiento antivírico disminuye el tiempo de los síntomas y la vacunación consigue disminuir de forma eficaz el número de infecciones. El virus respiratorio sincitial es el agente causal más frecuente de la bronquiolitis aguda del lactante. Rinovirus y coronavirus son los asociados con más frecuencia al resfriado común. Coronavirus es responsable del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave descrito en China en 2002, mientras que el virus parainfluenza lo es del crup laríngeo de los niños.

Palabras Clave
Gripe
Influenza
SARS
Viriasis respiratorias
Abstract

Respiratory viriasis are acute infectious diseases with a usually favorable course. Influenza is the disease caused by influenza viruses A and B; it could cause seasonal periodical epidemics and influenza A is implicated in worlwide pandemias. Influenza complications usually are limited to older patients and to those with comorbilities, especially those with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. Anti-influenza therapy has an effect on the duration of the symptomatic period and vaccination efficiently decreases the incidence of the infection. Respiratory syncytial virus is the more frequent cause of the acute bronchiolitis in breastfeeding patients. Rinovirus and coronavirus are implicated in the common cold. Coronavirus was the etiological agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, described in 2002 in China. Parainfluenza virus is the cause of the laryngeal croup in infants.

Keywords
Influenza
SARS
Respiratory viriasis

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