Vol. 14. Núm. 5.
Páginas 242-249 (Marzo 2024)

Actualización
Agentes infecciosos y malabsorción intestinal

Infectious agents and intestinal malabsorption

M.J. García GarcíaabM. Pascual MatoabC. Gutiérrez GarcíaabJ. Crespo Garcíaab
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.03.003
Opciones
Resumen

Los síndromes malabsortivos intestinales plantean en la práctica clínica habitual un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico, tanto para los médicos de atención primaria como para los especialistas en aparato digestivo. Existen múltiples causas de malabsorción intestinal, en esta actualización trataremos de abordar de forma práctica tres entidades con relevancia clínica, bien por su prevalencia en aumento o por su complejidad diagnóstica y terapéutica: el sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal, las infecciones por parásitos intestinales y las inmunodeficiencias intestinales.

El sobrecrecimiento bacteriano es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en países desarrollados que provoca síntomas gastrointestinales diversos. En los países en desarrollo, las infecciones por parásitos intestinales son una causa significativa de morbilidad, afectando al 24% de la población mundial. La sintomatología digestiva de ambas enfermedades se asocia con trastornos estructurales, funcionales del intestino delgado, condiciones sistémicas, medicamentos y trastornos inmunológicos. En relación con las inmunodeficiencias, estas representan un trastorno menos frecuente pero no menos importante, debido a la morbilidad y mortalidad que conllevan. Se abordarán estas entidades y su sintomatología digestiva, intentando dar respuesta a las dudas, especialmente las diagnósticas y terapéuticas, que plantean estas entidades en la práctica clínica.

Palabras clave
Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano
Parásitos
Inmunodeficiencia
Malabsorción intestinal
Abstract

Intestinal malabsorption syndromes pose a diagnostic and treatment challenge in the routine clinical practice of both primary care physicians and gastroenterology specialists. There are multiple causes of intestinal malabsorption. This update will attempt to address, in a practical manner, three entities that are clinically relevant, either because of their increasing prevalence or because of their diagnostic and treatment complexity: intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal parasite infections, and intestinal immunodeficiencies.

Bacterial overgrowth is a highly prevalent disease in developed countries that causes various gastrointestinal symptoms. In developing countries, intestinal parasite infections are a significant cause of morbidity. It affects 24% of the world's population. The gastrointestinal symptomatology of both diseases is associated with structural and functional disorders of the small intestine, systemic conditions, medications, and immunological disorders. Immunodeficiencies are a less frequent but no less important disorder, given the morbidity and mortality they entail. This update will address these conditions and their gastrointestinal symptoms and will attempt to answer questions, especially regarding diagnostic and treatment, that these diseases raise in clinical practice.

Keywords
Bacterial overgrowth
Parasites
Immunodeficiency
Intestinal malabsorption

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