Resumen
El envejecimiento es responsable de diversos cambios fisiológicos, estructurales y funcionales en los órganos y sistemas que reducen progresivamente la reserva biológica del individuo. La edad se ha asociado a una mayor probabilidad de presentar ciertas enfermedades como la hipertensión arterial, la insuficiencia cardiaca, la fibrilación auricular, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la insuficiencia renal, causantes de una significativa morbimortalidad y discapacidad en el anciano. En la presente revisión se van a abordar las principales modificaciones fisiológicas asociadas al envejecimiento, así como los aspectos clave de las enfermedades más frecuentes en la población anciana.
Palabras clave
Envejecimiento fisiológico
Anciano
Hipertensión arterial
Fibrilación auricular
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Enfermedad renal crónica
Abstract
Aging is responsible for various physiological, structural and functional changes in organs and systems, which can progressively reduce the biological reserves of individuals. Age has been associated with a greater probability of experiencing certain diseases such as arterial hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal failure, which cause significant morbidity, mortality and disability in the elderly. In this review, we address the primary physiological changes associated with aging, as well as key aspects of the most common diseases present in the elderly population.
Keywords
Physiological aging
Elderly
Arterial hypertension
Atrial fibrillation
Heart failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic kidney disease
Identifíquese
¿Aún no es suscriptor de la revista?
Comprar el acceso al artículo
Comprando el artículo el pdf del mismo podrá ser descargado
Teléfono para incidencias
De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España
+34 932 415 960
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.M. Vega-Andión.
Procesos cardiopulmonares y renales en el anciano.
Medicine., (2010), 10 pp. 4272-4281
[2.]
S.S. Franklin.
Ageing and hypertension: the assessment of blood pressure indices in predicting coronary heart disease.
J Hypertens Suppl., (1999), 17 pp. S29-S36
[3.]
R. Gabriel, M. Alonso, A. Segura, M.J. Tormo, L.M. Artigao, J.R. Banegas, et al.
Prevalencia, distribución y variabilidad geográfica de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular en España. Análisis agrupado de datos individuales de estudios epidemiológicos poblacionales: estudio ERICE.
Rev Esp Cardiol., (2008), 61 pp. 1030-1040
[4.]
G. Mancia, R. Fagard, K. Narkiewicz, J. Redon, A. Zanchetti, M. Böhm, et al.
Guía de práctica clínica de la ESH/ESC 2013 para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial.
Rev Esp Cardiol., (2013), 66 pp. 880
[5.]
P.A. James, S. Oparil, B. Carter, W.C. Cushman, C. Dennison-Himmelfarb, J. Handler, Report from the panel members appointed to the eighth Joint National Committee (JNC8), et al.
2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults.
JAMA., (2014), 311 pp. 507-520
[6.]
J.A. Staessen, R. Fagard, L. Thijs, H. Celis, G.G. Arabidze, W.H. Birkenhager, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators, et al.
Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst- Eur) Trial Investigators.
Lancet., (1997), 350 pp. 757-764
[7.]
L. Liu, J.G. Wang, L. Gong, G. Liu, J.A. Staessen, for the Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group.
Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension.
J Hypertens., (1998), 16 pp. 1823-1829
[8.]
W.S. Aronow, J.L. Fleg, C.J. Pepine, N.T. Artinian, G. Bakris, A.S. Brown, et al.
ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly.
J Am Coll Cardiol., (2011), 57 pp. 2037-2114
[9.]
AFFIRM Investigators.
A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation.
N Engl J Med., (2002), 347 pp. 1825-1833
[10.]
J. Carlsson, S. Miketic, J. Windeler, A. Cuneo, S. Haun, S. Micus, the STAF Investigators, et al.
Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation.
J Am Coll Cardiol., (2003), 41 pp. 1690-1696
[11.]
A.J. Camm, G. Lip, R. de Caterina, I. Savelieva, D. Atar, S.H. Hohnloser, et al.
2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation.
Eur Heart J., (2012), 33 pp. 2719-2747
[12.]
J. McMurray, S. Adamopoulos, S.D. Anker, A. Auricchio, M. Böhm, K. Dickstein, et al.
Guía de práctica clínica de la ESC sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y crónica 2012.
Rev Esp Cardiol., (2012), 65 pp. 938
[13.]
Ah. Abdlhafiz.
Heart failure in older people: causes, diagnosis and treatment.
Age Ageing., (2002), 31 pp. 29-36
[14.]
M. Flather, M. Shibata, A. Coats, D.J. Van Veldhuisen, A. Parkhomenko, J. Borbola, et al.
Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SEINORS).
Eur Heart J., (2005), 26 pp. 215-225
[15.]
Grupo de trabajo de GesEPOC.
Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).
Arch Bronconeumol., (2012), 48 pp. 2-58
[16.]
J.J. Soler-Cataluña, M.A. Martínez-García, P. Román Sánchez, E. Salcedo, M. Navarro, R. Ochando.
Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Thorax., (2005), 60 pp. 925-931
[17.]
J. Zeleznik.
Normative aging of the respiratory system.
Clin Geriatr Med., (2003), 19 pp. 1-18
[18.]
G.C. Donaldson, T.A. Seemungal, A. Bhowmik, J.A. Wedzicha.
Relationship between exacerbation frecuency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thorax., (2002), 57 pp. 847-852
[19.]
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. [Internet]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. 2014. p. 32-38. Disponible en: http://www.goldcopd.org/.
[20.]
N. Soler, C. Agustí, J. Angrill, J. Puig de la Bellacasa, A. Torres.
Bronchoscopic validation of the significance of sputum purulence in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thorax., (2007), 62 pp. 29-35
[22.]
M. Miravitlles.
Do we need new antibiotics for treating exacerbations of COPD?.
Ther Adv Respir Dis., (2007), 1 pp. 61-76
[23.]
W.Brown. Aging and the kidney, (2000), 7 pp. 1-92
[24.]
C.G. Musso, D.G. Oreopoulos.
Aging and physiological changes of the didneys incluiding changes in glomerular filtration rate.
Nephron Physiol., (2011), 119 pp. 1-5
[25.]
R.D. Lindenman, J.D. Tobin, N.W. Shock.
Longitudinal studies on the rate of decline in renal function with age.
J Am Geriatric Soc., (1985), 33 pp. 275-285
[26.]
A. Gómez Carracedo, J.J. Baztán Cortés.
Métodos de evaluación de la función renal en el paciente anciano: fiabilidad e implicaciones clínicas.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol., (2009), 44 pp. 266-272
[27.]
A. Otero, A. de Francisco, P. Gayoso, F. García, EPIRCE Study Group.
Prevalence of chronic renal disease in Spain: results of the EPIRCE study.
Nefrología., (2010), 1 pp. 78-86
[28.]
K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative.
Am J Kidney Dis., (2002), 3 pp. S1-S266
[29.]
W.C. Winkelmayer, R.J. Glynn, M.A. Mittleman, R. Levin, J.S. Pliskin, J. Avorn.
Comparing mortality of elderly patients on hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: a propensity score approach.
J Am Soc Nephrol., (2002), 13 pp. 2353-2362
[30.]
D. Chavalitdhamrong, J. Gill, S. Takemoto, B.R. Madhira, Y.W. Cho, T. Shah, et al.
Patient and graft outcomes from deceased kidney donors age 70 years and older: an analysis of the Organ Procurement transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing database.
Transplantation., (2008), 85 pp. 1573-1579
[31.]
D.W. Johnson, K. Herzig, D. Purdie, A.M. Brown, R.J. Rigby, D.L. Nicol, et al.
A comparison of the effects os dialysis and renal transplantation on the survival of older uremics patients.
Transplantion., (2000), 69 pp. 794-799
[32.]
S.E. Doyle, A.J. Matas, K. Gillingham, M.E. Rosemberg.
Predicting clinical outcomes in the elderly transplant recipient.
Kidney Int., (2000), 57 pp. 2144-2150
Copyright ©
2014. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
