Vol. 12. Núm. 65.
Páginas 3803-3811 (Octubre 2018)

Actualización
Cáncer de pulmón

Lung cancer

A. Jaureguízar OriolP.L. Arrieta Narváez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2018.10.010
Opciones
Resumen

El cáncer de pulmón (CP) es el más frecuente a nivel mundial y el que más muertes ocasiona. En Europa fue responsable de 270.000 muertes en el año 2012, el 21% de todas las producidas por el cáncer. El principal factor de riesgo asociado es el consumo de cigarrillos, siendo responsable de aproximadamente el 90% de los casos. La prevención del tabaquismo y la deshabituación tabáquica constituyen la forma más importante para disminuir la morbilidad y la mortalidad asociadas a esta enfermedad. Se divide en varios tipos histológicos. La distinción más importante es entre el CP de células no pequeñas (CPNCP) y el CP de células pequeñas (CPCP). Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes en la presentación son tos, hemoptisis y disnea. Los pacientes asintomáticos pueden llegar a la atención clínica durante el cribado o por hallazgo incidental de anomalías de imagen. Los síntomas, cuando están presentes, a menudo representan una enfermedad avanzada. El objetivo de la evaluación inicial de un paciente con sospecha de CPNCP es obtener información clínica y radiológica para conseguir una biopsia que sirva para el diagnóstico, la estadificación (8ª edición de TNM) y el tratamiento oportuno.

Palabras clave
Cáncer pulmonar
Inmunoterapia
Biopsia
Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer in the world and the leading cause of cancer death. In 2012 it caused 217,000 deaths in Europe, representing the 21% of the total deaths from cancer. Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor associated, being responsible for approximately 90% of LC cases. The most important tools to reduce its morbidity and mortality are both smoking prevention and smoking detoxification. LC is classified into several histological types. Lung cancers are divided into two broad types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The most common clinical features are: cough, hemoptysis and dyspnea. Asymptomatic patients can be identified by population screening or by incidental finding of image abnormalities. Most times, symptoms reflect advanced disease. In a patient suspected having NSCLC initial evaluation is focused on achieving clinical and radiologic data. To reach a clinical diagnosis, clinical staging (8th edition of TNM) and established appropriate treatment, lung biopsy is mandatory.

Keywords
Lung cancer
Immunotherapy
Biopsy

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