Vol. 12. Núm. 65.
Páginas 3812-3815 (Octubre 2018)

Actualización
Mesotelioma

Mesothelioma

B. Martín GarcíaC.A. Quezada Loaiza*
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2018.10.011
Opciones
Resumen

Se origina a partir de las células mesoteliales que recubren las cavidades serosas. En el 80% de los casos el origen es pleural. El principal factor etiológico es la exposición al asbesto. La evaluación inicial de los pacientes cuando se sospecha mesotelioma pleural maligno incluye la realización de una TC con contraste intravenoso, para identificar las anormalidades pleurales y la extensión de la enfermedad. Se debe realizar una toracocentesis diagnóstica y una biopsia pleural cerrada en el caso de la existencia de derrame pleural. El criterio más importante para distinguir malignidad de hiperplasia reactiva mesotelial o pleuritis fibrosa es la demostración de invasión estromal. Existen diversos factores pronósticos, entre los que destacan el estadio TNM, el tipo histológico (mejor supervivencia en la variedad epitelial), la edad y el estado general. Las opciones de tratamiento deben abordarse desde un comité multidisciplinar. Aproximadamente el 20% de los pacientes son candidatos a resección quirúrgica.

Palabras clave
Mesotelioma
Derrame pleural
Asbesto
Abstract

Mesothelioma is a tumor of mesothelial cell origin and in 80% of cases pleura is concerned. Asbestos exposure is the major cause of this tumor. In order to identify both pleural abnormalities and the extent disease, CT with intravenous contrast is necessary in patient suspected of malignant pleural mesothelioma. In case of pleural effusion diagnostic thoracocentesis and closed pleural biopsy have to be performed. Stromal invasion is the major criteria to identify reactive mesothelial hyperplasia or organizing pleuritis. The most important prognostic factors are TNM stage, histological type (the greater variety of epithelial cells the greater survival), age and general condition of the patient. Treatment has to be addressed by a multidisciplinary mesothelial committee. Approximately 20% of patients are candidates for surgical resection.

Keywords
Mesothelioma
Pleural effusion
Asbestos

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