Vol. 12. Núm. 65.
Páginas 3816-3821 (Octubre 2018)

Actualización
Tumores mediastínicos

Mediastinal tumors

D. Barrios BarretoE. Barbero Herranz
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2018.10.012
Opciones
Resumen

Las lesiones mediastínicas pueden ser benignas o malignas, localizándose en uno u otro compartimento del mediastino (anterior, medio, posterior) en función de su etiología. Las manifestaciones clínicas suelen ser muy variadas y dependen de la velocidad de crecimiento del tumor, del compartimento anatómico afectado, de la compresión e infiltración de estructuras vecinas y de la secreción de sustancias por parte del tumor en otras localizaciones (síndrome paraneoplásico). El diagnóstico diferencial debe realizarse mediante una anamnesis minuciosa, teniendo en cuenta la edad, las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente, el compartimento en el que se localiza la lesión y las pruebas complementarias realizadas. El tratamiento va a depender de los síntomas del paciente y de la localización anatómica del tumor. Habitualmente, el tratamiento de elección es la cirugía, salvo que se trate de una enfermedad extendida, en cuyo caso se prefiere quimioterapia o radioterapia neoadyuvante.

Palabras clave
Mediastino
Masas tumorales
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Abstract

Mediastinal lesions can be benign or malignant. According with their etiology, they can be placed in any mediastinal compartment (anterior, middle, posterior). Symptomatology varies greatly depending on tumor growth speed, anatomical compartment affected, topographic involvement of neighboring structures (compression and infiltration) and remote effects (secretory tumors in paraneoplastic syndrome). Detailed anamnesis (age, symptomatology, compartment affected and supplementary tests) is the basement of differential diagnosis. Treatment varies according with symptomatology and anatomical location. In most of cases, surgery is the treatment of choice. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used in extended disease.

Keywords
Mediastinum
Tumor masses
Diagnosis
Treatment

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