Vol. 12. Núm. 7.
Páginas 337-345 (Abril 2016)

Actualización
Estreñimiento

Constipation

A.J. Abraldes BechiarelliaM.T. Ramos-ClementeaP. Pérez GuerrerobC. Rodríguez Ramosa
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2016.03.010
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción

El estreñimiento es un síntoma frecuente que en ocasiones puede afectar de forma considerable la calidad de vida, y que el paciente puede referir como disminución del número de deposiciones, aumento de su consistencia, dificultad para la expulsión de las heces y/o sensación de evacuación incompleta.

Etiopatogenia

Es importante identificar, en primer lugar, enfermedades relacionadas o probables factores precipitantes, cuyo tratamiento o corrección serán importantes para que la evolución sea favorable.

Diagnóstico

En caso de estreñimiento crónico idiopático, será necesario establecer si el tránsito colónico es normal, lento o si existe disfunción de la musculatura implicada en la defecación, ya que las medidas terapéuticas pueden diferir de un caso a otro.

Tratamiento

En los últimos años, además de las medidas iniciales de educación nutricional y hábitos de salud, dieta rica en fibra y laxantes, han surgido medicamentos con diferentes mecanismos de acción que han demostrado eficacia en casos refractarios. El tratamiento quirúrgico sigue reservándose para casos muy seleccionados de pacientes con falta de respuesta o intolerancia al amplio arsenal terapéutico del que disponemos, y en cada caso es necesario valorar de forma individualizada los riesgos y beneficios.

Palabras clave
Estreñimiento
Manometría
Laxantes
Abstract
Introduction

Constipation is a common symptom that can sometimes significantly affect the quality of life, and the patient may report as fewer stools, increased consistency, difficult to expel stool or feeling of incomplete evacuation.

Aetiopathogenesis

It is important to first identify related diseases or probable precipitating factors whose treatment or correction will be important for favorable evolution.

Diagnosis

In case of chronic idiopathic constipation must be established if colonic transit is normal, slow or if there is dysfunction of the muscles involved in defecation, as therapeutic measures may differ from case to case.

Treatment

In recent years, in addition to the initial measures of nutritional education and health habits, diet rich in fiber and laxatives, they have emerged drugs with different mechanisms of action that have demonstrated efficacy in refractory cases. Surgical treatment is reserved for highly selected cases of patients with intolerance or lack of response to the wide therapeutic arsenal available, and in each case it is necessary to individually evaluate the risks and benefits.

Keywords
Constipation
Manometry
Laxative

Identifíquese

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