Vol. 12. Núm. 7.
Páginas 346-362 (Abril 2016)

Actualización
Ìleo intestinal

Intestinal obstruction

J.M. Pacheco GarcíaM.A. Mayo OssorioJ.M. Vázquez Gallego
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2016.03.011
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción

El íleo intestinal o síndrome obstructivo intestinal (SOI) es uno de los cuatro tipos de abdomen agudo, muy frecuente en nuestras urgencias hospitalarias y fuente de una morbimortalidad importante.

Fisiopatología

Iniciado multicausalmente a nivel del tubo intestinal, se establece una parada en su tránsito, más o menos completa, que desencadena una multitud de procesos de defensa y reacción inflamatoria concatenados, primero en la cavidad peritoneal y después sistémicos, participando así todo el organismo en ello. Aunque no todos esos procesos son completamente conocidos, los exponemos con sus aspectos fisiopatológicos generales, sus complicaciones y su repercusión clínica, encuadrándolos en tres fases: de inicio, de reacción o estado y, por último, de fracaso.

Manejo clínico

El estudio de las causas del SOI nos lleva a delimitar cuatro entidades etiopatogénicas distintas (dos dinámicas y dos adinámicas) que implican una investigación clínica y una puesta en marcha terapéutica muy diferenciadas y ricas, cuyos aspectos más importantes se exponen así en este trabajo.

Palabras clave
Íleo
Parada intestinal
Respuesta local y sistémica
Adhesiolisis
Stents expandibles
Colectomías
Abstract
Introduction

The intestinal ileus or intestinal obstruction syndrome (IOS) is one of four types of acute abdomen, very common in our hospital emergency and a major source of morbidity and mortality.

Pathophysiology

It starts at the intestinal tube as the consequence of several causes. A more or less complete stop in the intestinal transit triggers a multitude of defense reactions and concatenated inflammatory response. These reactions begin in the intestinal cavity and expand to a systemcia participation. Although knowledge is incomplete, we describe the general pathophysiology, its complications and the clinical impact, distributted in three phases: beginning, state and failure.

Clinical management

The study of the causes of IOS leads us to define four different etiopathogenic entities (two dynamic and two adynamic) involving clinical research and put into very different and rich therapeutic march, whose most important aspects are well presented in this paper.

Keywords
Ileus
Intestinal stop
Local and systemic response
Adhesiolysis
Expandable stents
Colectomies

Identifíquese

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