Vol. 12. Núm. 39.
Páginas 2299-2308 (Septiembre 2017)

Actualización
Fibrilación auricular y flúter auricular

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

M. Valverde GómezC. Lozano GraneroD. Rodríguez MuñozJ.L. Zamorano Gómez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2017.07.010
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción

La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia sostenida más frecuente, con una incidencia del 3% en la población general, aunque con una prevalencia mayor en la población de edad avanzada, hipertensos, obesos y pacientes con cardiopatía estrucutural.

Diagnóstico

El diagnóstico electrocardiográfico se basa en la identificación del patrón R-R irregularmente irregular característico. Como parte del estudio, es conveniente la realización de un ecocardiograma transtorácico que nos permita diagnosticar la presencia de cardiopatía estructural y valorar el tamaño auricular, importante de cara a plantear un procedimiento de ablación, y una analítica completa con perfil tiroideo, para así descartar otras causas desencadenantes como la anemia, la infección o el hipertiroidismo.

Manejo

El manejo de esta patología se fundamenta en tres pilares: la terapia antitrombótica para la prevención del embolismo sistémico y los accidentes cerebrovasculares, de actualidad en los últimos años gracias a la aparición de alternativas orales a la terapia anticoagulante clásica con antagonistas de la vitamina K; el control de la frecuencia cardíaca con fármacos frenadores, especialmente bloqueadores betaadrenérgicos, aunque también calcioantagonistas y digoxina, y las estrategias de control de ritmo, tanto farmacológicas como percutáneas, estas últimas cada vez más extendidas debido a su mayor efectividad y baja incidencia de complicaciones.

Palabras clave
Fibrilación auricular
Flúter auricular
Riesgo trombótico
Nuevos anticoagulantes orales
Ablación con radiofrecuencia
Abstract
Introduction

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia, with a prevalence of 3% in the general population, although with a higher prevalence in the elderly, hypertensive, obese and patients with structural heart disease.

Diagnosis

The electrocardiographic diagnosis is based on the identification of the irregularly irregular pattern R-R characteristic. As part of the study, it is convenient to perform a transthoracic echocardiogram, which allows us to diagnose the presence of structural heart disease and to assess the atrial size, which is important for an ablation procedure, and a complete analysis with a thyroid profile, in order to rule out Other triggers, such as anemia, infection, or hyperthyroidism.

Management

The management of this pathology is based on three pillars: antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of systemic embolism and cerebrovascular accidents, current in recent years thanks to the appearance of oral alternatives to classical anticoagulant therapy with vitamin antagonists K; Heart rate control with braking agents, especially beta-adrenergic blockers, but also calcium-antagonists and digoxin; And rhythm control strategies, both pharmacological and percutaneous, the latter increasingly widespread due to its greater effectiveness and low incidence of complications.

Keywords
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Thrombotic risk
New oral anticoagulants
Ablation with radiofrequency

Identifíquese

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