Resumen
Los trastornos del movimiento son manifestaciones neurológicas de procesos de diversas etiologías. Algunos de los trastornos del movimiento hipercinéticos más frecuentes en la población son los tics, el temblor, las mioclonías y el síndrome de piernas inquietas. Es fundamental reconocer estos síntomas, así como sus características, pues nos ayudarán a orientar el diagnóstico etiológico. Además, nos permitirá realizar un mejor estudio de los pacientes, evitándoles pruebas innecesarias, e iniciar un tratamiento adecuado. Describimos las principales características de cada uno de ellos, analizando sistemáticamente su epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial y opciones terapéuticas.
Palabras clave
Tics
Síndrome de Tourette
Temblor
Mioclonías
Síndrome de piernas inquieta
Abstract
Movement disorders are neurological syndromes of multiple etiologies. The most common hyperkinetic disorders are tics, tremor, myoclonia and restless legs syndrome. In order to achieve etiological diagnosis, recognition of symptoms is mandatory, improving patient assessment to avoid unnecessary testing and beginning the appropriate treatment. The main characteristics of each disorder are reported in this paper. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic options are systematically analyzed.
Keywords
Tics
Tourette syndrome
Tremor
Myoclonus
Restless legs syndrome
Identifíquese
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