Vol. 12. Núm. 73.
Páginas 4300-4308 (Marzo 2019)

Actualización
Síndromes atáxicos. Ataxias heredodegenerativas

Ataxic syndromes. Heredodegenerative ataxias

A. Adarmes Gómez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2019.03.004
Opciones
Resumen

Las ataxias heredodegenerativas constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de patologías con gran variabilidad clínica y genética, cuya característica común es la presencia de un cuadro cerebeloso progresivo. En la era pregenética, se realizaron muchos esfuerzos por describir semiológicamente distintos fenotipos; no obstante, existían cuadros con características atípicas y con frecuencia difíciles de englobar en los síndromes clásicos. En la última década, con el advenimiento de los estudios de secuenciación masiva (mediante técnica de next generation sequencing), se ha podido conocer el origen genético de un porcentaje importante de estos cuadros; no obstante, dada la gran heterogeneidad, la aproximación diagnóstica de estas patologías sigue siendo un reto para los clínicos, por lo que este campo de investigación es uno de los más activos hoy día, con la idea de poder determinar la causa molecular de muchos cuadros aún sin diagnóstico, y en base a ello, en un futuro plantear posibilidades terapéuticas.

Palabras clave
Ataxia
Enfermedades neurodegenerativas
Causa genética
Abstract

Heredodegenerative ataxias are an heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar dysfunction with a highly variable clinical course and genetic causes. Although considerable effort were deployed in the pregenetic era in order to identified semiologically different phenotypes, there were atypical patterns often difficult to include in the group of classic syndromes. In the last decade, the advent of massive sequencing studies (next generation sequencing technique), has allowed to know the genetic origin of a significant percentage of these conditions, nevertheless and due to their great heterogeneity, diagnostic approach continues being a challenge. Nowadays, diagnosis is a growing research area focused on the identification of the molecular causes of undiagnosed disorders and then to propose therapeutic alternatives, in the future.

Keywords
Ataxia
Neurodegenerative diseases
Genetic cause

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