Vol. 14. Núm. 4.
Páginas 185-191 (Marzo 2024)

Actualización
Síndromes de poliposis gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes

P. García CentenoS. Redondo EvangelistaI. Bartolomé OterinoM. Sierra MoralesA. Santos Rodríguez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.02.021
Opciones
Resumen

Los síndromes polipósicos colorrectales constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de entidades que comparten la aparición de múltiples pólipos a lo largo del tracto digestivo. Pueden ocurrir como consecuencia de una mutación germinal o de forma esporádica, y es importante reconocerlos para poder establecer un manejo y una vigilancia adecuados en el paciente y en sus familiares de riesgo, ya que asocian un aumento de la incidencia de cáncer colorrectal con respecto a la población general. El diagnóstico de estas patologías se basa en un conjunto de criterios clínicos y genéticos, en caso de identificar una mutación responsable. En este sentido, la reciente aparición de paneles multigén ha permitido agilizar el diagnóstico en la práctica clínica diaria.

Palabras clave
Poliposis adenomatosa
Poliposis hamartomatosa
Poliposis serrada
Cáncer colorrectal
Abstract

Colorectal polyposis syndromes are a heterogeneous group of entities that have the emergence of multiple polyps along the digestive tract in common. They can occur as a consequence of a germline mutation or sporadically. It is important to recognize them in order to establish appropriate management and monitoring in patients and their relatives who are at risk, given that they are associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer compared to the general population. The diagnosis of these diseases is based on a set of clinical and genetic criteria, in the event a mutation responsible for it is identified. In this regard, the recent emergence of multigene panels has made it easier to reach a diagnosis in daily clinical practice.

Keywords
Adenomatous polyposis
Hamartomatous polyposis
Serrated polyposis
Colorectal cancer

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