Vol. 12. Núm. 6.
Páginas 275-284 (Marzo 2016)

Actualización
Colitis isquémica. Colitis microscópica

Ischaemic colitis. Microscopic colitis

F. MesoneroS. ParejoB. PeñasE. Tavío
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2016.03.001
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción.

La colitis isquémica y la colitis microscópica son entidades de muy diferente naturaleza, manejo y pronóstico, pero afectan con mayor frecuencia y de forma similar a mujeres mayores de 60 años.

Patogenia. Manifestaciones clínicas.

La colitis isquémica es el resultado del déficit transitorio del flujo sanguíneo en el colon; cursa de manera aguda con dolor abdominal, diarrea y rectorragia, y se resuelve en un corto espacio de tiempo sin medidas específicas en la mayoría de los casos. La colitis microscópica se manifiesta como diarrea crónica y tiene la particularidad de presentar una inflamación histológica característica en la mucosa colónica. Parece desarrollarse a partir de una respuesta inmunológica desencadenada en la barrera epitelial del colon y se asocia al consumo de tabaco y de algunos fármacos de uso común.

Diagnóstico. Tratamiento.

Budesonida es el tratamiento de elección para los casos más sintomáticos. En ambos trastornos la sospecha clínica es de gran importancia para establecer el diagnóstico.

Palabras clave
Colitis isquémica
Colitis microscópica
Rectorragia
Diarrea
Abstract
Introduction.

Ischaemic and microscopic colitis are entities of very different nature, managing and prognosis, but they concern with major frequency to women after 60 years.

Pathogeny. Clinical manifestations.

Ischaemic colitis is the result of the transitory decrease of the blood flow into the colon; it manifests with acute abdominal pain, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding and it is resolved in short time without specific measures in most cases. Microscopic colitis demonstrates as chronic diarrhoea with the particularity of presenting a typical histological inflammation in the colonic mucosa. It seems to develop from an abnormal immunological response in the barrier epitelial of the colon and associates to the consumption of tobacco and some drugs.

Diagnosis. Treatment.

Budesonide is the elective treatment to symptomatic forms. Clinical presentation is very important to get a diagnosis in both of them entities.

Keywords
Ischaemic colitis
Microscopic colitis
Rectal bleeding
Diarrhoea

Identifíquese

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