Vol. 12. Núm. 2.
Páginas 66-73 (Febrero 2016)

Actualización
Gastritis

Gastritis

R. Angós
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2016.01.011
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción

Aunque el término gastritis define la inflamación microscópica de la mucosa gástrica, también incluye otras definiciones clínicas, endoscópicas y radiológicas variadas. En los pacientes con gastritis suele haber muy poca correlación entre los síntomas, los hallazgos endoscópicos y los hallazgos histológicos.

 Etiopatogenia

La causa más frecuente de gastritis crónica es la infección por H. pylori seguida por las gastritis atróficas. Las gastropatías reactivas son la tercera causa de agresión de la mucosa gástrica y, dentro de ellas, destacan las producidas por la toma de ácido acetilsalicílico y otros AINE. Además de H. pylori, existen otros gérmenes que pueden contaminar el estómago y producir gastritis infecciosas.

 Diagnóstico

La realización de biopsias gástricas a diversos niveles es fundamental para el diagnóstico de certeza de los diversos tipos de gastritis. La mayor parte de los cánceres gástricos tiene su origen en algunos tipos concretos de gastritis.

 Tratamiento

Los tratamientos son variables según su etiopatogenia.

Palabras clave
Gastritis
Gastropatía reactiva
Atrofia gástrica
Metaplasia
Abstract
Introduction

Although the term gastritis defined microscopic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, also it includes other various clinical, endoscopic and radiologic definitions. In patients with gastritis usually very little correlation between symptoms, endoscopic findings and histological findings.

 Aetiopathogenesis

The most common cause of chronic gastritis is Helicobacter pylori infection followed by atrophic gastritis. Reactive gastropathies are the third leading cause of aggression of gastric mucosa and within them include those produced by taking aspirin and other NSAIDs. In addition H. pylori other germs that can contaminate the stomach and cause gastritis are infectious.

 Diagnosis

Performing gastric biopsies at different levels is crucial for accurate diagnosis of the various types of gastritis. The majority of gastric cancers originated in specific types of gastritis.

 Treatment

Treatments vary according to its pathogenesis.

Keywords
Gastritis
Reactive gastropathy
Gastric atrophy
Metaplasia

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