Resumen
Las enfermedades quísticas renales son un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos que pueden ser hereditarios o adquiridos y que tienen en común la presencia de quistes en uno o ambos riñones. Los quistes renales son cavidades llenas de líquido y revestidas por células epiteliales que derivan principalmente de los túbulos. En algunos pacientes, los quistes renales son la principal característica de la patología (enfermedad quística adquirida), mientras que en otros pacientes la presencia de quistes renales acompaña a otras alteraciones, formando parte de un fenotipo más complejo (Von Hippel Lindau, complejo esclerosis tuberosa). Diversas técnicas de imagen permiten identificar los quistes renales que, en función de sus características y distribución, junto con la información clínica y genética del paciente, pueden ayudar al diagnóstico diferencial.
Palabras clave
Poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante
Poliquistosis renal autosómica recesiva
Enfermedad quística adquirida
Quistes simples
Complejo esclerosis tuberosa
Abstract
Cystic kidney diseases form a heterogeneous group of disorders that may be hereditary or acquired. Their common feature is the presence of cysts in one or both kidneys. Renal cysts are cavities that are full of fluid and lined with epithelial cells deriving mainly from the tubules. Renal cysts are the main characteristic of the pathology in some patients (acquired cystic disease), while in other the presence of renal cysts accompanies other alterations, forming part of a more complex phenotype (Von Hippel Lindau, tuberous sclerosis complex). Several imaging techniques make it possible to identify renal cysts which, depending on their characteristics and distribution, together with the patient's clinical and genetic data, may aid differential diagnosis.
Keywords
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Acquired cystic disease
Simple cysts
Tuberous sclerosis complex
Identifíquese
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