Vol. 14. Núm. 7.
Páginas 351-359 (Abril 2024)

Actualización
Pancreatitis aguda

Acute pancreatitis

M. Poncela HerreroZ. Wang JiangA. Díaz Gómez y A. Hernando Alonso
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.04.004
Opciones
Resumen

La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una de las enfermedades digestivas más frecuentes en el ámbito de la urgencia y la hospitalización. La incidencia está en progresivo aumento y las principales etiologías son la colelitiasis y el alcohol. El diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos, analíticos y radiológicos. Existen otras patologías con clínica y alteraciones analíticas similares, por lo que es preciso hacer un correcto diagnóstico diferencial. El tratamiento inicial es sintomático (analgesia) y de soporte (sueroterapia basada en objetivos), siendo de especial relevancia la monitorización para identificar precozmente pacientes con mala evolución. El tratamiento de la PA moderadamente grave se basa en el soporte de fallo de órganos, tratamiento farmacológico específico en casos seleccionados (antibioterapia), tratamiento nutricional y tratamiento intervencionista sobre la necrosis pancreática sintomática. El tratamiento en casos de PA moderadamente grave debe realizarse siempre que sea posible en centros de referencia con equipos multidisciplinares. El tratamiento etiológico de la causa de la pancreatitis es fundamental para prevenir nuevos episodios.

Palabras clave
Dolor
Hiperamilasemia
Necrosis
Sueroterapia
Nutrición
Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in the emergency department and hospitalization setting. Its incidence is progressively increasing and the main etiologies are cholelithiasis and alcohol. The diagnosis is based on clinical, analytical, and radiological criteria. There are other diseases with similar clinical and analytical abnormalities and thus, it is necessary to make a correct differential diagnosis. The initial treatment is symptomatic (analgesia) and supportive (serum therapy based on targets). Monitoring is especially important for the early identification of patients with poor progress. The treatment for moderately severe AP is based on organ failure support, specific pharmacological treatment in selected cases (antibiotic therapy), nutritional treatment, and interventional treatment for symptomatic pancreatic necrosis. The treatment for cases of moderately severe AP must take place, when possible, in reference centers with multidisciplinary teams. Etiological treatment of the cause of pancreatitis is essential for preventing new episodes.

Keywords
Pain
Hyperamylasemia
Necrosis
Serum therapy
Nutrition

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