Vol. 14. Núm. 7.
Páginas 379-391 (Abril 2024)

Actualización
Enfermedades inflamatorias de páncreas y vía biliar

Inflammatory diseases of the pancreas and bile duct

M. Bragado PascualF. Aguilera GarcíaA. Hernando AlonsoF. Bighelli
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.04.007
Opciones
Resumen

La afectación inflamatoria de vía biliar y del páncreas puede presentarse de maneras diferentes dependiendo de la etiología y del lugar de afectación. Se trata de enfermedades raras, siendo la más frecuente la pancreatitis autoinmune que presenta dos subtipos; el tipo 1, que se considera la manifestación pancreática de la enfermedad sistémica por IgG4 (IgG4-RD), y el tipo 2 que se considera una patología primariamente pancreática. La presentación clínica más frecuente es en forma de ictericia y masas pancreáticas con o sin dolor abdominal, planteando el diagnóstico diferencial con el adenocarcinoma de páncreas. El tratamiento se basa en los corticoides, con buenas tasas de respuesta, pero con un riesgo no desdeñable de recidiva, llegando a precisar a veces un tratamiento con anti-CD20 (rituximab) o inmunosupresores. La IgG4-RD puede afectar también a la vía biliar, en cuyo caso se denomina colangitis esclerosante por IgG4, y de manera parecida el tratamiento se basa en corticoides. Por último, la colangitis piogénica recurrente es un tipo de enfermedad inflamatoria de la vía biliar poco frecuente, caracterizada por la formación de litiasis de repetición en la vía biliar tanto intrahepática como extrahepática y episodios recurrentes de colangitis que precisan a menudo tratamientos endoscópicos, radiológicos o quirúrgicos además del tratamiento médico.

Palabras clave
Pancreatitis autoinmune
IgG4
Colangitis esclerosante IgG4
Colangitis piogénica recurrente
Abstract

Inflammatory involvement of the bile duct and pancreas can present in different ways depending on the etiology and place of involvement. These are rare diseases; the most common is autoimmune pancreatitis, which has two subtypes: type 1, which is considered the pancreatic manifestation of systemic IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and type 2, which is considered a primarily pancreatic disease. The most common clinical presentation is in the form of jaundice and pancreatic masses with or without abdominal pain, which necessitates a differential diagnosis with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Treatment is based on corticosteroids, with good response rates, but there is a non-negligible risk of recurrence which sometimes requires treatment with anti-CD20 (rituximab) or immunosuppressants. IgG4-RD can also affect the bile duct, in which case it is called IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, and treatment is similarly based on corticosteroids. Lastly, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a rare type of inflammatory disease of the bile duct characterized by the formation of recurrent intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones and recurrent episodes of cholangitis that often require endoscopic, radiological, or surgical treatment in addition to medical treatment.

Keywords
Autoimmune pancreatitis
IgG4
IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

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