Vol. 14. Núm. 7.
Páginas 360-370 (Abril 2024)

Actualización
Pancreatitis crónica

Chronic pancreatitis

P. SaraleguiJ.A. Pajares DíazL.A. Pérez GarvinV. Flores-Fernández
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.04.005
Opciones
Resumen

La pancreatitis crónica (PC) es una enfermedad en la que, por diferentes causas, el tejido pancreático se sustituye por tejido fibroso, teniendo como consecuencia la pérdida de su función, tanto endocrina como exocrina. Existen diferentes causas por las que esto puede suceder, confluyendo muchas veces varios factores de riesgo, e investigar estas causas es importante por sus diferentes implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas, la clasificación TIGAR-O las enumera. Las manifestaciones clínicas en la PC ocurren cuando se ha perdido la mayor parte de la funcionalidad del órgano e incluyen: dolor abdominal crónico, insuficiencia pancreática exocrina e insuficiencia pancreática endocrina. Para realizar el diagnóstico de PC no existe una prueba gold standard que pueda darnos el diagnóstico definitivo, sino que se debe evaluar conjuntamente la información epidemiológica, clínica, radiológica (mediante ecoendoscopia y colangiorresonancia magnética, principalmente) y las pruebas analíticas (elastasa fecal, estudio nutricional completo y, si está disponible, mediante prueba del aliento con triglicéridos mixtos marcados con C13). No es necesaria la obtención de una muestra histológica. El tratamiento va enfocado al manejo del dolor con tratamiento médico, endoscópico o quirúrgico en los casos más refractarios; al manejo de la insuficiencia pancreática exocrina con suplementación enzimática de lipasa si existe; al manejo de la insuficiencia pancreática endocrina (antidiabéticos e insulina) y al control de los factores de riesgo (tabaquismo y enolismo).

Palabras clave
Pancreatitis crónica
Etiología
Diagnóstico
Tratamiento
Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease in which, due to different causes, the pancreatic tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. This results in loss of both endocrine and exocrine function. This may happen due to different causes, often involving various risk factors. Investigating these causes is important due to their different therapeutic and prognostic implications, which are listed in the TIGAR-O classification. The clinical manifestations of CP occur when most of the organ's function has been lost. They include chronic abdominal pain, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. There is no gold standard test for diagnosing CP that can provide a definitive diagnosis, but epidemiological, clinical, radiological (mainly endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography), and analytical tests (stool elastase test, complete nutritional study, and, if available, a 13C-labeled mixed triglyceride breath test) must be jointly evaluated. It is not necessary to obtain a histological specimen. Treatment is focused on pain management with medical, endoscopic, or surgical treatment in the most refractory cases; management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with lipase enzyme supplementation if available; management of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency (antidiabetics and insulin); and control of risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol use disorder).

Keywords
Chronic pancreatitis
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment

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