Vol. 14. Núm. 10.
Páginas 574-580 (Mayo 2024)

Protocolos de práctica asistencial
Protocolo de valoración de la fibrosis hepática. Pruebas no invasivas para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad hepática crónica compensada

Assessment protocol for liver fibrosis. Noninvasive tests for diagnosing compensated chronic liver disease

C. Meruéndano PadrónR. Sánchez AldehueloA.B. Agarrabeitia CasadoD. Burgos Santamaría
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.05.014
Opciones
Resumen

La fibrosis hepática se debe evaluar en toda hepatopatía crónica para adecuar el seguimiento al riesgo individual de morbimortalidad hepática. Los test no invasivos permiten identificar tanto a pacientes sin riesgo de tener fibrosis avanzada como a aquellos con alta probabilidad de padecer hepatopatía crónica avanzada compensada (cACLD). Los índices serológicos simples son accesibles y su uso se recomienda en atención no especializada, donde la prevalencia de la cACLD es baja. Se deben utilizar con el objetivo de descartar cACLD y solo ante factores de riesgo para hepatopatía. Las técnicas elastográficas son más específicas y se emplean en un segundo tiempo para confirmar cACLD. La elastografía de transición es la más validada y se utiliza aplicando una regla de 5 (10-15-20-25kPa), indicando riesgos de descompensación y muerte progresivamente mayores. Las técnicas de impulso por fuerza de radiación acústica cada vez están más extendidas al poder realizarse en el mismo acto que la ecografía.

Palabras clave
Fibrosis
Cirrosis
Elastografía
Índices serológicos
Abstract

Liver fibrosis should be assessed in all cases of chronic liver disease to adjust follow-up to each individual's risk of hepatic morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive tests can identify both patients with no risk of advanced fibrosis and those with a high probability of having compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). Simple serum-based tests are accessible and their use is recommended in non-specialized care, where the prevalence of cACLD is low. They should be used to rule out cACLD and only when there are risk factors for liver disease. Elastography techniques are more specific and are used to confirm cACLD in a second stage. Vibration-controlled transient elastography is the most validated and follows the rule of 5 (10-15-20-25kPa), indicating progressively higher risks of decompensation and death. Acoustic radiation force impulse techniques are becoming more widespread as they can be performed as abdominal the same time as ultrasound.

Keywords
Fibrosis
Cirrhosis
Elastography
Serological indices

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